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      <p xml:id="subtitle1" begin="00:00:02.520" end="00:00:06.460">SWIMMERS ON THE PLANET, BUT</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle2" begin="00:00:06.460" end="00:00:07.360">NEW RESEARCH SUGGESTS EVEN</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle3" begin="00:00:07.360" end="00:00:08.720">Sharks among the best swimmers</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle4" begin="00:00:08.720" end="00:00:09.560">on the planet. But there&apos;s some</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle5" begin="00:00:09.560" end="00:00:11.440">new research suggests, even</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle6" begin="00:00:16.170" end="00:00:19.670">breath. While diving deeper</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle7" begin="00:00:19.670" end="00:00:21.200">underwater. That crazy? I want</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle8" begin="00:00:21.200" end="00:00:23.270">to hear this. Just start when</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle9" begin="00:00:23.270" end="00:00:24.970">you hear why it makes complete</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle10" begin="00:00:24.970" end="00:00:26.280">sense. Okay this new research</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle11" begin="00:00:26.280" end="00:00:27.810">that they&apos;re doing, suggesting</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle12" begin="00:00:27.810" end="00:00:29.580">that they hold their water.</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle13" begin="00:00:29.580" end="00:00:31.780">Well, diving deep underwater is</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle14" begin="00:00:31.780" end="00:00:33.820">for this reason they are. Here&apos;s</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle15" begin="00:00:33.820" end="00:00:36.220">a new term for everybody. Acto</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle16" begin="00:00:36.220" end="00:00:37.820">thermic ecto thermic. That means</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle17" begin="00:00:37.820" end="00:00:39.460">they&apos;re cold blooded. Okay so</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle18" begin="00:00:39.460" end="00:00:42.560">they can&apos;t really regulate their</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle19" begin="00:00:42.560" end="00:00:43.730">going to regulate their body</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle20" begin="00:00:43.730" end="00:00:45.330">temperature. Now if you think</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle21" begin="00:00:45.330" end="00:00:48.600">about it, hammerhead sharks they</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle22" begin="00:00:48.600" end="00:00:51.600">love the surface water 79 80</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle23" begin="00:00:51.600" end="00:00:52.740">degrees, but when they dive down</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle24" begin="00:00:52.740" end="00:00:54.670">to 3000 ft or so the water</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle25" begin="00:00:54.670" end="00:00:56.570">temperature is about 20 that low</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle26" begin="00:00:56.570" end="00:00:59.070">Do they go down like 3 4000 ft,</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle27" begin="00:00:59.070" end="00:01:01.580">in some cases, and the and the</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle28" begin="00:01:01.580" end="00:01:03.680">water temperature is 41 degrees</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle29" begin="00:01:03.680" end="00:01:04.680">. Tuna marlin Mako sharks, They</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle30" begin="00:01:04.680" end="00:01:05.750">have a way of regulating their</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle31" begin="00:01:05.750" end="00:01:08.320">heat exchange through their</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle32" begin="00:01:08.320" end="00:01:12.350">gills. Bluefin tuna can raise</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle33" begin="00:01:12.350" end="00:01:14.320">degrees so they can adapt to</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle34" begin="00:01:14.320" end="00:01:15.420">this hammerhead sharks can&apos;t So</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle35" begin="00:01:15.420" end="00:01:17.430">the researchers are like, Wait a</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle36" begin="00:01:17.430" end="00:01:18.260">minute. How are these sharks</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle37" begin="00:01:18.260" end="00:01:22.530">being able to maintain their</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle38" begin="00:01:22.530" end="00:01:25.430">freezing down there. Here&apos;s what</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle39" begin="00:01:25.430" end="00:01:27.340">they do, and it absolutely makes</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle40" begin="00:01:27.340" end="00:01:29.340">complete sense. They close their</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle41" begin="00:01:29.340" end="00:01:32.610">gill slits on the side. You see</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle42" begin="00:01:32.610" end="00:01:33.610">little gill slits there Because</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle43" begin="00:01:33.610" end="00:01:35.080">what those gills or do it helps</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle44" begin="00:01:35.080" end="00:01:36.280">them breathe, so the water goes</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle45" begin="00:01:36.280" end="00:01:37.280">through the gills. Kind of goes</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle46" begin="00:01:37.280" end="00:01:38.950">through their body regulates</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle47" begin="00:01:38.950" end="00:01:41.450">their body temperature, But when</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle48" begin="00:01:41.450" end="00:01:43.190">don&apos;t want that water going</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle49" begin="00:01:43.190" end="00:01:44.390">through those gill slits because</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle50" begin="00:01:44.390" end="00:01:45.390">it would cool their body to the</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle51" begin="00:01:45.390" end="00:01:46.860">point where they could</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle52" begin="00:01:46.860" end="00:01:48.990">potentially die, So they just</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle53" begin="00:01:48.990" end="00:01:51.930">shut them and they hold their</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle54" begin="00:01:51.930" end="00:01:53.360">could be down there as long as</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle55" begin="00:01:53.360" end="00:01:55.560">17 minutes total four minutes on</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle56" begin="00:01:55.560" end="00:01:56.370">the bottom to get their food and</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle57" begin="00:01:56.370" end="00:01:57.930">then they come back up when they</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle58" begin="00:01:57.930" end="00:01:59.270">reached the water temperature</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle59" begin="00:01:59.270" end="00:02:00.740">that they like they open their</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle60" begin="00:02:00.740" end="00:02:02.810">gills back up, and they start</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle61" begin="00:02:02.810" end="00:02:05.210">circulating the water through it</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle62" begin="00:02:05.210" end="00:02:06.740">again. Listen folks, it makes</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle63" begin="00:02:06.740" end="00:02:08.210">complete sense, but it took us</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle64" begin="00:02:08.210" end="00:02:10.880">hundreds of millions of years to</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle65" begin="00:02:10.880" end="00:02:12.650">figure this out. How did we</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle66" begin="00:02:12.650" end="00:02:13.220">figure this out? They went out.</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle67" begin="00:02:13.220" end="00:02:16.290">They caught these sharks. They</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle68" begin="00:02:16.290" end="00:02:17.550">attached electronic sensors,</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle69" begin="00:02:17.550" end="00:02:20.820">Fitbits. Where we have Fitbits</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle70" begin="00:02:20.820" end="00:02:21.960">on our shoes, Right? Put Fitbits</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle71" begin="00:02:21.960" end="00:02:23.830">on the fins. And they were able</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle72" begin="00:02:23.830" end="00:02:25.660">to regulate this as they went</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle73" begin="00:02:25.660" end="00:02:27.660">down to thousands of feet. And</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle74" begin="00:02:27.660" end="00:02:29.200">they were able to Figure this</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle75" begin="00:02:29.200" end="00:02:32.200">out. And now they&apos;re saying, Hey</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle76" begin="00:02:32.200" end="00:02:33.700">. There&apos;s gotta be other types</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle77" begin="00:02:33.700" end="00:02:35.200">of fish and some sharks that</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle78" begin="00:02:35.200" end="00:02:36.610">have to do the same thing to</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle79" begin="00:02:36.610" end="00:02:38.210">help the regulate their body</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle80" begin="00:02:38.210" end="00:02:39.240">temperature. It&apos;s amazing.</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle81" begin="00:02:39.240" end="00:02:41.240">Listen they learned this</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle82" begin="00:02:41.240" end="00:02:43.980">millions and millions of years</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle83" begin="00:02:43.980" end="00:02:44.580">ago. We just learned this in May</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle84" begin="00:02:44.580" end="00:02:46.120">of 2023 that they can do. This</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle85" begin="00:02:46.120" end="00:02:47.250">is pretty fascinating. And I</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle86" begin="00:02:47.250" end="00:02:49.250">mean, it&apos;s just one of those one</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle87" begin="00:02:49.250" end="00:02:51.420">more thing where you go. Ain&apos;t</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle88" begin="00:02:51.420" end="00:02:53.260">nature. Great I mean, just it&apos;s</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle89" begin="00:02:53.260" end="00:02:54.690">just, you know, Think about some</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle90" begin="00:02:54.690" end="00:02:56.130">of the alligators that have been</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle91" begin="00:02:56.130" end="00:02:57.560">around for millions and millions</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle92" begin="00:02:57.560" end="00:02:59.700">and millions of years reason</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle93" begin="00:02:59.700" end="00:03:01.260">they have because they&apos;re able</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle94" begin="00:03:01.260" end="00:03:02.970">to adapt and the fact that we&apos;re</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle95" begin="00:03:02.970" end="00:03:04.900">able to figure out how they</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle96" begin="00:03:04.900" end="00:03:05.530">adapt. Maybe that can help help</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle97" begin="00:03:05.530" end="00:03:07.370">us adapt to other things, too.</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle98" begin="00:03:07.370" end="00:03:08.440">You never know down the roots,</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle99" begin="00:03:08.440" end="00:03:12.170">but that&apos;s how hammerheads and</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle100" begin="00:03:12.170" end="00:03:14.180">three. I mean, At three or 4000</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle101" begin="00:03:14.180" end="00:03:16.080">ft. They can survive by holding</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle102" begin="00:03:16.080" end="00:03:17.710">their breath, so to speak. I</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle103" begin="00:03:17.710" end="00:03:19.450">thought it was going to be a</p>
      <p xml:id="subtitle104" begin="00:03:19.450" end="00:03:21.800">pressure thing. I really did</p>
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